|
Lluís Companys i Jover ((:ʎuˈis kumˈpaɲs)) (El Tarròs, Spain, June 21, 1882 - Montjuïc Castle in Barcelona, Spain, October 15, 1940) was the President of Catalonia (Spain), from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War. He was a lawyer and leader of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) political party. Exiled after the war, he was captured and handed over by the Nazi secret police, the Gestapo, to the Spanish dictatorship of Francisco Franco, who had him executed by firing squad in 1940. Companys is the only incumbent democratically elected president in European history to have been executed,〔 ("La befa al president Companys continua" ) Retrieved 17 June 2013.〕 and seventy-five years later the council of war which sentenced him is still in force. ==Early life== Born in El Tarròs, on June 21, 1882 into a peasant family with aristocratic roots, he was the second brother of ten. His parents were Josep Companys and Maria Lluïsa de Jover. His parent sent him to Barcelona in order to study at the boarding school of ''Liceu Poliglot''. Later, after obtaining his degree in law from the University of Barcelona, where he met Francesc Layret, Companys participated in the political life of Catalonia from a young age. In 1906, as a result of the military attack to the writings of Catalan newspapers ''Cu-Cut!'' and ''La Veu de Catalunya'', and after the passing of the ''Ley de Jurisdicciones'' ("Law of Jurisdictions"), which made speech against Spain and its symbols a criminal offense, he participated in the creation of Solidaritat Catalana. Later, he became affiliated with the ephemeral ''Unió Federal Nacionalista Republicana'', where he was president of the youth section. He was investigated for his intense youth activities and was jailed fifteen times, being classified after the Tragic Week of Barcelona as a "dangerous individual" in police records. With Francesc Layret, Companys represented the left-wing labor faction of the Partit Republicà Català (Catalan Republican Party), to which he was elected councilor of Barcelona in 1916. In November 1920, he was arrested together with Salvador Seguí (known as ''El Noi del Sucre''), Martí Barrera and other trade unionists and he was deported to the ''Castell de la Mola'' in Mahón, Menorca. Shortly afterward, Layret was assassinated while preparing his defense. Despite having been deported, Companys was elected deputy of Sabadell in the 1920 Spanish legislative elections, taking the place of Layret, who was to have taken that seat prior to his assassination. This gave him parliamentary immunity, which secured his release from prison. Companys was one of the founders of the Unió de Rabassaires in 1922, where he worked as lawyer and director of the magazine ''La Terra'' during the years of the regime of Primo de Rivera. Detained again, he was unable to attend the ''Conferencia de Izquierdas'' (Conference of Leftists) held from March 12 to March 19, 1931 that produced the ERC political party; however, he was elected as an executive member of that party, representing the Partit Republicà Català. Thanks to the bonds between the Spanish labor movement and the Spanish union movement, the election of Companys to this position gave the ERC great prestige amongst left-wing public opinion whereas it had prior been considered a party of the small progressive bourgeoisie. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lluís Companys」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|